Rishi Pānini, Gandhara (Pushkalavati, Charsadda, 6-4th BC)

Rishi Pānini, considered the ‘first descriptive linguist’, a Sanskrit philologist, grammarian, and revered scholar in ancient India (between 6th and 4th century BC) who lived in Śalatura in ancient Gandhāra, present day north-west Pakistan.

In ancient texts the village of Salatura has been located as representing the village of Lahore. (In the Lahore Museum you can see among the exhibits a Kharoshtri inscription dated the Kushana Year 40, or 118 AD. On it is a relief of Panini, whom the Chinese historian and traveller Yuan Chwang describes as the great Sanskrit grammarian whose relief was worshipped. Even Yuan Chwang locates his birthplace as ‘Lahur’, a variant in use in the 7th century when he passed through. Article Link)

Rishi Pānini is known for his text Aṣṭādhyāyī अष्टाध्यायी, “eight chapters,” (6th/5th Century BC) a sutra-style treatise on Sanskrit grammar, 3,959 verses or rules on linguistics, syntax and semantics in "eight chapters" which is the foundational text of the Vyākaraṇa branch of the Vedanga, the auxiliary scholarly disciplines of the Vedic period.

Pushkalavati | Capital of the Gandhara Kingdom (Sanskrit: पुष्कलावती; پُشْكَلآوَتي )

Bharata, the brother of Rama had two sons, Taksha & Pushkala. The former founded Taksha-sila or Taxila, to the east of the Indus, the latter founded Pushkala-vati or Pushkalavati, to the west of the Indus. Thus according to Hindu legend, the sons of Bharat founded kingdoms that flourished on either side of the Indus river.

Ruins of Pushkalavati are located on the banks of Swat River, near its junction with Kabul River, Charsadda, with the earliest archaeological remains from 1400 to 800 BCE in Bala Hisar mound.

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Languages

أَلَمْ تَرَ كَيْفَ ضَرَبَ اللّهُ مَثَلاً كَلِمَةً طَيِّبَةً كَشَجَرةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ أَصْلُهَا ثَابِتٌ وَفَرْعُهَا فِي السَّمَاء

Hast thou not seen how God has struck a similitude? A good word is as a good tree -- its roots are firm, and its branches are in heaven. (Q14/Ibrahim-24)

كلمـة طيبـة

Study Guidelines for Languages

  • Review. Thoroughly review a lesson before taking the next lesson.

  • Patience/Perseverence. It takes time and effort before arriving at a foundational level of knowledge.

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2A | Level 1 & Level 2 | فارسی Farsi Language through Urdu | Syed Fazel Rizvi

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